Cess Full Form: What is Cess on Income Tax, Meaning & Calculation

This article explains what cess on income tax means, its full form, and how the 4% Health and Education Cess is calculated, with worked examples across income slabs. It also breaks down the difference between cess and surcharge, the types of cess levied in India, and who is liable to pay. 

Cess on income tax is an additional levy the Central Government charges on top of your regular income tax to fund a specific public welfare goal, such as education, healthcare or infrastructure. Unlike normal taxes that go into the general government fund, cess money can only be spent on the purpose it was collected for. The current Health and Education Cess stands at 4% of your total income tax liability, including surcharge. 

If you have ever typed “what is cess in income tax” into a search bar, here is the short version: it is not a separate tax. It is a top-up on the tax you already owe, ring-fenced for a particular national programme. This guide covers the cess full form, how it is calculated with examples, the different types of cess in India, and how it differs from a surcharge. 

DID YOU KNOW? 

Cess is collected on top of income tax, not instead of it — and it can legally be spent only on the purpose it was created for. 

Cess Full Form in Tax 

The cess full form is Central Excise and Service Tax. In everyday use, cess simply means a charge collected for a designated purpose. The government cannot dip into this pool of money for unrelated spending, even during a budget crunch. 

  1. Cess full form in tax: Central Excise and Service Tax 
  1. It is an additional charge on income tax, not a standalone tax 
  1. Purpose-specific: funds cannot be diverted elsewhere 
  1. Temporary in nature: discontinued once the goal is met 
  1. Common types include Health and Education Cess, Road Cess and GST Compensation Cess 

What is Cess on Income Tax? Meaning and Context 

Cess is a contribution paid in addition to your regular income tax. The government deposits it into the Consolidated Fund of India, but it can only be withdrawn for the programme it was created for, such as health, education or disaster relief. Think of it as a labelled jar inside the government’s main account — the money sits there but nobody can spend it on anything outside the label. 

How to Calculate Cess on Income Tax? Formula and Example 

The formula is straightforward: Cess = Total Income Tax Liability x Cess Rate (currently 4%). 

Here is a worked example:  
 
Say your annual income is ₹20,00,000 and your total income tax liability works out to ₹4,00,000. At a 4% cess rate, you would pay ₹16,000 as cess, taking your total payable tax to ₹4,16,000. 

Particulars Details 
Annual Income ₹20,00,000 
Total Income Tax Liability ₹4,00,000 
Cess Rate 4% 
Cess Amount ₹4,00,000 x 4% = ₹16,000 
Total Tax Payable ₹4,00,000 + ₹16,000 = ₹4,16,000 

The table below shows how this plays out across different income levels, assuming no surcharge applies. 

Taxable Income (Approx.) Tax Liability (Before Cess) Cess @ 4% Total Tax Payable 
₹7,00,000 ₹20,000 ₹800 ₹20,800 
₹10,00,000 ₹75,000 ₹3,000 ₹78,000 
₹15,00,000 ₹1,87,500 ₹7,500 ₹1,95,000 
₹20,00,000 ₹4,00,000 ₹16,000 ₹4,16,000 
₹50,00,000 ₹13,12,500 ₹52,500 ₹13,65,000 

QUICK STAT 

A taxpayer earning ₹50 lakhs with a tax liability of ₹13,12,500 pays roughly ₹52,500 in cess alone — even before any surcharge is added.  (Source: Illustrative calculation based on applicable income tax slab rates) 

Purpose of Collecting Cess on Income Tax 

The government collects cess to fund national projects or emergency needs that the regular budget does not stretch to cover. It serves a few practical purposes: 

  1. Supports specific sectors: funds flow directly into health, education and rural development 
  1. Fills budget gaps: extra money reaches sectors that need it beyond standard allocations 
  1. Drives welfare schemes: helps launch or sustain programmes like the mid-day meal scheme or healthcare insurance drives 
  1. Acts as a temporary measure: raises funds efficiently for short-term national goals, then gets withdrawn 

Difference Between Cess and Other Taxes 

Here is a simple comparison to understand how cess differs from a regular tax. 

Basis Cess Regular Tax 
Purpose Collected for a specific project or scheme Goes into the general government fund 
Duration Temporary; ends once the target is achieved Permanent and recurring 
Fund Usage Used only for the stated purpose Used for any government expenditure 
Collection Added on top of existing taxes Charged independently as a primary levy 
Example Health and Education Cess, Road Cess Income tax, GST 

Difference Between Cess and Surcharge 

People often confuse cess with surcharge because both sit on top of your tax bill, but they work differently. 

Cess applies to every taxpayer at a flat 4%, regardless of income level, and the money is earmarked for a specific welfare purpose. Surcharge, on the other hand, kicks in only above certain income thresholds — typically starting from ₹50 lakhs — and the rate climbs as income rises. Surcharge revenue goes into the general fund with no fixed purpose attached. 

PRO TIP 

Quick way to remember it: cess is purpose-bound and universal; surcharge is income-bound and unrestricted in use. 

Types of Cess on Income Tax in India 

The government introduces different types of cess to meet targeted funding goals. 

Type of Cess Purpose Rate / Details 
Health and Education Cess Improves education and healthcare access for the Below Poverty Line population 4% of income tax including surcharge 
Cess on Crude Oil Funds development of domestic oil and gas blocks Variable, ad valorem rate 
Road and Infrastructure Cess Develops roads and highways ₹1 per litre of petrol and diesel 
Construction Workers Welfare Cess Funds welfare schemes for construction workers 1% of construction cost 
National Calamity Contingent Duty Funds disaster relief programmes 16% on select tobacco products, per the 2023 Budget 
GST Compensation Cess Compensates states for GST revenue loss Applied on luxury and demerit goods 

2 cesses worth knowing about even though they no longer apply: the Swachh Bharat Cess, introduced in 2015 at 0.5% to fund cleanliness drives, and the Krishi Kalyan Cess, introduced in 2016 at 0.5% to support agricultural growth. Both were short-term measures and have since been folded into GST or scrapped entirely. 

Who is Liable to Pay Cess on Income Tax? 

Anyone liable to pay income tax must also pay cess. That includes: 
 

  1. Individuals 
  1. Companies 
  1. Firms 
  1. Association of persons and body of individuals 
  1. Taxpayers paying surcharge on higher income, who pay cess on the combined total of tax plus surcharge 

Put simply, every income taxpayer contributes to cess at the applicable rate, with no exemptions based on income slab. 

Rate of Cess on Income Tax 

The Health and Education Cess rate has stayed steady at 4% since it replaced the earlier 3% Education Cess (2% primary plus 1% secondary and higher education) in Budget 2018. Before that, a 2% Education Cess ran alone from 2004 to 2007, when the additional 1% secondary and higher education cess was layered on. 

Period Applicable Cess Rate 
2004–2007 Education Cess 2% 
2007–2018 Education Cess + Secondary and Higher Education Cess 3% 
2018–Present Health and Education Cess 4% 

WATCH OUT 

Cess rates are set in the Union Budget and can change. Always check the latest Finance Act for the year you are filing in. 

Quick example recap: if your total income tax including surcharge is ₹5,00,000, your cess works out to 4% of ₹5,00,000, which is ₹20,000. Your total payable tax becomes ₹5,20,000. 

Features of Cess on Income Tax 

  1. Charged as a percentage of tax liability, not income directly 
  1. Applies uniformly across all income slabs once tax is computed 
  1. Cannot be reduced through deductions or exemptions the way base tax can 
  1. Reflected separately in your income tax return and Form 16 
  1. Reviewed periodically by the Finance Ministry and can be revised in any Union Budget 

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FAQs On Cess on Income Tax 

1.What is the cess at 4% in income tax? 

It is the Health and Education Cess, charged at 4% on your total income tax including surcharge. 

2.Who will pay a cess tax? 

Every individual or entity liable to pay income tax must also pay cess, with no income-based exemption. 

3.What is the cess on income tax above ₹50 lakhs? 

The cess rate stays at 4% even past ₹50 lakhs; only the surcharge rate increases at higher income brackets. 

4.What is cess full form? 

Cess full form is Central Excise and Service Tax. 

5.What is cess tax meaning in simple terms? 

Cess is an extra tax charged on top of income tax to raise funds for a specific public welfare purpose. 

6.What is the difference between cess and surcharge in income tax? 

Cess applies to all taxpayers at a flat 4% for a designated purpose, while surcharge applies only above certain income thresholds and goes into the general fund. 

7.Is cess applicable under both old and new tax regimes? 

Yes. The 4% Health and Education Cess applies whether you file under the old tax regime or the new tax regime. 

8.Can cess be claimed as a deduction while filing income tax returns? 

No. Cess cannot be claimed as a deduction; it is computed after your tax liability and deductions are already finalised. 

UPI Reference Number: What It Is, How to Find It & Track It Online 

This article explains what a UPI reference number is, how its 12-digit format works and how to track it online using your UPI app passbook or history section. It also covers the difference between a UPI reference number and a UPI ID and what to do if a transaction gets stuck. 

What is a UPI Reference Number? 

A UPI reference number, sometimes called a UTR (Unique Transaction Reference) number, is a 12-digit numeric code generated automatically the moment you complete a UPI transaction. Think of it as a receipt number for a digital payment. Banks, UPI apps and the NPCI settlement network all use this number to identify and trace a single transaction from start to finish. 

Here’s the thing: this number is not something you create or choose. It gets assigned instantly by the banking network and it stays attached to that one transaction forever. No two transactions share the same reference number, which is precisely what makes it useful for dispute resolution. 

Say a payment shows as ‘pending’ or ‘failed’ even though money left your account. Instead of explaining the whole story to customer care, you simply quote the 12-digit reference number. The support team pulls up the exact transaction instantly, checks its status with the beneficiary bank and gives you a clear answer, often within a few working days. 

How Many Digits is a UPI Reference Number? 

A UPI reference number always has 12 digits. This length is standardised by the NPCI across every bank and UPI app in India, whether you use Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm, BHIM or a bank’s own app. Because the format never changes, the number is easy to recognise. If you see a 12-digit code sitting next to a payment in your bank statement or passbook, that is almost certainly your reference number, not your account number or UPI ID. 

DID YOU KNOW? 

Whether you’re checking a ₹50 grocery payment or a ₹50,000 transfer, the reference number format stays the same — 12 digits, no exceptions. 

How to Track Your UPI Reference Number Online: Step-by-Step 

  1. Open your UPI app on your phone. 
  1. Tap on ‘Passbook’ or ‘History’, depending on the app. 
  1. Select the bank account the transaction was made from. 
  1. Choose the specific transaction you want to check. 
  1. Note the 12-digit reference number shown against that transaction. 

Most banks also let you check this through internet banking or by requesting a mini-statement, so you are not entirely dependent on the app if it is not working. 

QUICK STAT 

UPI’s transaction success rate consistently runs above 99%, which is why the small share of failed or pending payments each carry a traceable 12-digit reference number for quick resolution.  
Source: NPCI UPI Product Statistics

How to Find Your UPI ID? 

Unlike the reference number, your UPI ID is something you set up once and reuse. Here is how to find it: 

  1. Open the UPI app on your mobile. 
  1. Go to the profile or settings menu. 
  1. Look for the ID containing the ‘@’ symbol, for example, priya@hdfcbank. 

Benefits of the UPI Reference Number 

  1. Tracking: Acts as a single reference point to resolve discrepancies without repeating transaction details each time. 
  1. Security: Replaces sensitive banking details with a 12-digit code, so you never need to share your account number with customer support just to raise a query. 
  1. Efficiency: Settles transactions within seconds, unlike older methods such as NEFT or IMPS, which can take hours to reflect. 

PRO TIP 

Save the reference number as soon as you make a high-value payment. It takes two seconds and saves a lot of back-and-forth if something goes wrong later. 

UPI Reference Number vs UPI ID: Key Differences 

It is easy to mix these two up since both appear inside the same app. They serve completely different purposes. 

Aspect UPI Reference Number UPI ID 
Format 12-digit numeric code Alphanumeric address with ‘@’ (e.g. name@bank) 
Purpose Tracks and identifies a single transaction Identifies a user’s account to send or receive money 
Changes per transaction Yes, a new number every time No, stays the same across transactions 
Where to find it Passbook or transaction history Profile or settings section of the UPI app 
Who uses it Banks and customer support for tracking and disputes Payers, to send money to the correct person 

A quick way to remember it: your UPI ID tells people who you are and your reference number tells the bank which transaction you are talking about. 

What to Do If Your UPI Transaction is Stuck 

A transaction can sit in ‘pending’ for a few common reasons: a temporary server issue at the bank, a network drops mid-payment, or the receiving bank taking longer to confirm. In most cases, the amount reverses to your account automatically within a few working days if the payment did not actually go through. If it does not reverse, use the reference number to raise a formal complaint with your bank or through the NPCI dispute redressal portal. 

WATCH OUT 

Never share your UPI PIN with anyone claiming to ‘verify’ a stuck transaction, including callers claiming to be from customer support. Banks never need your PIN to trace a payment — only the reference number. 

A tip that saves time: screenshot the transaction details, including the reference number, the moment you notice an issue. It is far easier to have this on hand than to dig through the passbook later. 

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FAQs On UPI Reference Number 

1. How do I find my UPI reference number? 

Open the ‘Passbook’ or ‘History’ section in your UPI app, select the transaction and note the 12-digit number listed against it. 

2. What is a UPI number? 

A UPI reference number is a unique 12-digit number generated for every UPI transaction, used to track and verify that specific payment with your bank. 

3. How can I obtain the UTR number for a UPI transaction? 

The UTR number is the same as your UPI reference number. You can find it in your transaction history or bank statement against the relevant payment. 

4. How do I track a UPI reference number online? 

Log in to your bank’s internet banking portal or UPI app, locate the transaction in your statement or passbook and use the 12-digit reference number to check its status or raise a query with customer support. 

5. How many digits does a UPI reference number have? 

A UPI reference number always has 12 digits, regardless of which UPI app or bank you use. 

6. Is the UPI reference number the same as the UTR number? 

Yes. UTR (Unique Transaction Reference) and UPI reference number refer to the same 12-digit code used to identify and track a transaction. 

What is VPA: Virtual Payment Address Meaning and How to Create One

Virtual Payment Address (VPA) in UPI or Unified Payments Interface is a unique identifier of your account. It is a system that bypasses the need for bank account numbers and bank IFSC. You can use VPA to send or receive money, make bill payments and initiate merchant payments.

To learn more about VPA in payment, how it works, its benefits and more, read on.

What is a Virtual Payment Address?

If you are new to UPI, you may wonder, ‘What is VPA in UPI payments?’ Here’s what you need to know.

It is a unique ID attached to a user, which helps track a person’s UPI account. You need your virtual UPI ID along with the beneficiary details to whom you want to send money to execute an online transfer. Using VPA in payment, you don’t need to enter bank account details every time you transact.

A VPA typically looks like xyz@bankname, where the first part can be anything from your name’s initials or a registered mobile number. Here, the ‘bank name’ can be: 

  • Name of the bank with whom you have an account
  • Bank with which the UPI app is associated 
  • Just the word ‘UPI’
  • Handle used by the UPI app

How to Create VPA for UPI Payment

Now that you have understood the meaning of Virtual Payment Address, it is also necessary to understand how you can create this unique ID:

  • Step 1: Download and open third-party UPI app on your mobile device
  • Step 2: Enter the mobile number registered with your bank account
  • Step 3: Entering OTP received on your registered contact number for verification
  • Step 4: Tap on the ‘Add New UPI ID’ option 
  • Step 5: Enter and choose a unique username before the ‘@’ symbol
  • Step 6: Click on ‘Submit’ 

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How VPA for UPI Payments Works

Once you have set the unique ID, you can use VPA in payments through a third-party application. This way, you can send money to merchants, contacts, or any other person with a UPI ID. Here are the steps you need to follow to send money using a VPA.

  • Step 1: Open the UPI application and tap on the ‘Pay Using UPI’ option
  • Step 2: Enter the receiver’s VPA and confirm if it is linked to the person to whom you wish to send the money
  • Step 3: Choose the VPA for making the payment if you have multiple UPI IDs
  • Step 4: Enter your MPIN and confirm the payment to send money to a receiver

Here is how you can use your VPA ID to receive money:

  • Step 1: Open the UPI application on your mobile device and choose the ‘Receive Via UPI’ option
  • Step 2: Enter the VPA of the person from whom you wish to receive funds
  • Step 3: Add the amount you wish to request
  • Step 4: Choose a VPA when you want the sender to send money if you have multiple UPI IDs
  • Step 5: Confirm sending the request and wait for the sender to approve the transaction

Also Read: How To Create Upi Id and Do Upi Registration?

Benefits of VPA in UPI Payments

The use of virtual UPI ID has several advantages, which have helped this digital system to grow gradually in India. These include:

  • Cost-effective Option

As UPI payments don’t charge any transaction fees, it is a cost-effective way to pay a person or merchant digitally.

  • Secure Payment Method

VPA eliminates the need to share sensitive bank details like bank account number and IFSC. Since you can share VPA linked with your bank account, it makes online transactions much safer.

  • Fast Processing

UPI transactions initiated via VPA provide a real-time processing facility. This means you can send or receive money in real time. You also don’t need to wait for the bank’s approval or provide many details for making transactions, which saves time. 

  • Convenient to Use

Using VPA is quite easy and simple, as you only need the receiver’s UPI ID or send your UPI ID to receive payments. Moreover, you can carry out these transactions using a mobile device, making it more accessible.

Also Read: Top online UPI payment apps

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FAQs on What is VPA in UPI Payments

How do I find my UPI VPA?

To find your Virtual Payment Address for UPI payment, follow these steps: 

  • Open the third-party UPI application 
  • Tap on the ‘Profile’ section
  • Tap the ‘Bank Account’ section 
  • Choose the bank account whose VPA you want to check
  • See the UPI ID linked with that bank account  

Is VPA and UPI ID the same?

Yes, they both are similar terms used interchangeably.

Will my VPA expire if I do not use it?

No, it is a personalised number linked to your account. Thus, it remains active until you have your account. 

Is it possible to change an existing VPA?

Yes, you can change it by changing your details.

What is BSR Code? Full Form, Meaning, Uses & How to Find It 

A BSR code is a 7-digit bank branch code used mainly for tax payment tracking in India. Its full form is Basic Statistical Return Code, and it helps the Income Tax Department identify the bank branch through which tax payments, TDS, TCS or challan-related transactions are made. 

In simple terms, you can say BSR code  is a unique identification number allotted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to bank branches. It is commonly required while filing tax returns, verifying challans, tracking TDS/TCS payments and maintaining accurate banking records. 

For example, when you pay self-assessment tax or advance tax through a bank, the challan generally carries the BSR code of that bank branch. This helps the tax department match your payment with the correct branch and taxpayer record. 

What is a BSR Code? 

The Basic Statistical Return Code is a 7-digit numerical code assigned to registered bank branches in India. It was introduced by the RBI to collect and classify banking data in a structured way. 

A BSR code helps identify where a banking or tax-related transaction took place. This is especially useful in TDS, TCS and income tax challan reporting, where every payment must be linked to the correct bank branch. 

For taxpayers, the code acts like a reference point. For banks and authorities, it helps keep tax payments, branch-level data and financial records organised. 

BSR Code Full Form and Format 

The BSR code full form is Basic Statistical Return Code. 

Its format is simple: 

Part of BSR Code Meaning 
First 3 digits Identify the bank 
Last 4 digits Identify the specific branch 

For example, in a 7-digit BSR code, the first three numbers may represent a particular bank, while the remaining four numbers point to the bank branch. This makes every branch easier to identify for tax and reporting purposes. 

What is BSR Code Used For? 

A bank BSR code is used in several important financial and tax-related processes, such as: 

  • TDS and TCS returns: It helps link tax deducted or collected at source to the correct bank branch. 
  • OLTAS challans: The code is usually mentioned in tax challans generated through the Online Tax Accounting System. 
  • Challan Identification Number: BSR code forms an important part of the CIN, along with the challan serial number and deposit date. 
  • Pension disbursements: Pension departments may use the BSR code and account details to identify the correct bank branch for pension credit. 
  • Foreign remittances: It may help banks and tax authorities track outward remittances and related tax records. 

In short, the BSR code supports smoother tracking of tax payments, pensions, bank data and compliance records. 

Classifications of BSR Codes 

The RBI classifies BSR returns into different categories based on the type and frequency of banking information collected. 

BSR Type Description 
BSR 1 Advance returns submitted by bank branches on the last Friday of June and December. It includes accounts above and below ₹10,000 limits. 
BSR 2 Half-yearly return of deposits from bank branches on the last Friday of June and December. 
BSR 3 Monthly return of advances from head offices for selected sensitive commodities. 
BSR 4 Return on ownership of bank deposits, generally collected once every two months. 
BSR 5 Annual return on bank assets submitted by head offices at the end of March. 
BSR 6 Quinquennial return collected once every five years, on debits to deposit accounts. 
BSR 7 Quarterly survey on aggregate deposits and gross bank credit. 

BSR Codes of Major Banks in India 

Here are the commonly referenced first 3 digits of BSR codes of major banks: 

Bank Name BSR Code Prefix 
State Bank of India 000, 002, 006, 010 
HDFC Bank 051 
ICICI Bank 639 
Axis Bank 636 
Punjab National Bank 030 
Bank of Baroda 020 
Canara Bank 024 
Kotak Mahindra Bank 018 

Note: The complete 7-digit BSR code depends on the specific branch. Always verify it from your challan, bank branch or official tax document before using it. 

How to Find Your BSR Code? 

Here’s how to find BSR code details easily: 

  1. Check your tax challan: The BSR code is usually printed on OLTAS challans or challan receipts. 
  1. Look at your TDS certificate: Form 16 or other TDS certificates may mention the BSR code. 
  1. Use online BSR code finder tools: Some tax and banking platforms allow you to search by bank name, state, district and branch. 
  1. Contact your bank branch: The branch can confirm the correct 7-digit code. 
  1. Check tax records: In some cases, the code may be available in challan details used while filing ITR. 

For accuracy, use the code from your actual challan or bank confirmation instead of relying only on generic online lists. 

Purpose and Benefits of BSR Code 

The purpose of BSR code is to make banking and tax payment records accurate, traceable and easy to verify. 

Key benefits include: 

  • Accurate tax tracking: It helps the Income Tax Department match tax payments with the correct bank branch. 
  • Better compliance records: Banks can submit structured data to the RBI and tax authorities. 
  • Reduced errors in challans: A correct BSR code lowers the risk of mismatched tax payment records. 
  • Useful for pension credits: Pension disbursement authorities can identify bank branches more easily. 
  • Support for remittance tracking: It assists in maintaining records for certain foreign remittance-related transactions. 

Think of it as a branch-level identifier that keeps tax and banking trails clean. 

Difference Between BSR Code and IFSC Code 

Both BSR and IFSC codes help identify banks, but they are used for different purposes. 

Point of Difference BSR Code IFSC Code 
Full form Basic Statistical Return Code Indian Financial System Code 
Format 7-digit numeric code 11-character alphanumeric code 
Issued by RBI RBI 
Main use Tax payment tracking, TDS/TCS, challans, banking data reporting NEFT, RTGS and IMPS fund transfers 
Structure First 3 digits identify bank, last 4 identify branch First 4 characters identify bank, 5th is 0, last 6 identify branch 
Where found Tax challans, TDS certificates, CIN records Cheque book, passbook, bank website, payment apps 

So, BSR code and IFSC code are not the same. IFSC is used for fund transfers, while BSR is mainly used for tax and banking reporting. 

Conclusion 

A BSR code is a small but important part of India’s banking and taxation system. It helps identify bank branches, track tax payments, verify challans, support pension disbursements and organise banking data. 

Whether you are filing ITR, checking a TDS certificate or verifying a tax challan, knowing the correct BSR code can help avoid errors and payment mismatches. 

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FAQs on BSR Code 

1. How can I know the BSR code? 

You can find your BSR code on your OLTAS challan, TDS certificate, Form 16 or challan receipt. You can also use an online BSR code finder by entering your bank name, state, district and branch details. For the most accurate information, contact your bank branch directly. 

2. Is the BSR code the same as the IFSC code? 

No. A BSR code is a 7-digit numeric code used mainly for tax payment tracking and challan records. An IFSC code is an 11-character code used for electronic fund transfers such as NEFT, RTGS and IMPS. 

3. What is the difference between a BSR code and a branch code? 

A branch code generally identifies a branch within systems like IFSC. A BSR code identifies a bank branch for tax reporting, TDS/TCS challans and statistical banking returns. 

4. What is the BSR code of SBI? 

The BSR code prefix of SBI commonly starts with 000, 002, 006 or 010. However, the complete 7-digit code varies by branch, so check your challan or ask your SBI branch. 

5. What is the BSR code of HDFC Bank? 

The BSR code prefix of HDFC Bank is commonly listed as 051. The complete 7-digit code depends on the specific HDFC Bank branch. 

6. How many digits are in a BSR code? 

A BSR code has 7 digits. The first 3 digits identify the bank, while the last 4 digits identify the branch. 

7. Can two bank branches have the same BSR code? 

No. Each registered bank branch is generally assigned a unique BSR code to help authorities identify transactions and records accurately. 

Difference Between CGST, SGST and IGST: All You Need to Know

It is crucial to know the difference between CGST and SGST, and IGST to file accurate returns. To further the ‘One Nation, One Tax’ policy, the Government of India introduced a new indirect tax regime called the GST in 2017. These three categories of GST simplify interstate and intrastate transactions.  

To learn what is IGST, CGST and SGST and the differences between them, read on. 

What is IGST?

Integrated Goods and Services Tax, or IGST for short, applies to the supply of goods and services across two or more states and their import and export in and out of India. The Central Government collects and distributes these taxes among the centre and the states.

For instance, if a trader from Telangana sells a good worth ₹2 lakhs to a customer from West Bengal, Integrated GST will apply. Supposing the applicable IGST rate is 18%, the buyer must pay ₹36,000.

What is CGST and SGST?

CGST and SGST full forms are Central Goods and Services Tax and State Goods and Services Tax. The Central Government has the authority to levy and collect CGST on the intrastate supply of goods and services. So, what is SGST?

A similar rate of SGST applies to intrastate supplies, which the concerned state government governs. The Central Government introduced it to merge previous state-level taxes, like the value-added tax, entertainment tax, luxury tax, entry tax and so on.

In other words, Central and State Governments combine their levies and agree on equal revenue-sharing. So, if a trader from Gujarat sells a good within the same state, both CGST and SGST will apply. According to the GST Act, the CGST and SGST rates on intrastate supplies cannot exceed 14%, i.e., the combined rate cannot be more than 28%. 

Also Read: What is GST?

Difference between IGST, CGST and SGST

Now that you know what is CGST, SGST and IGST, you must understand the things that set each of them apart. Check the following table to know the difference between CGST and SGST, along with IGST.

Basis IGSTCGSTSGST
ApplicabilityInter-state supply of goods and servicesIntrastate supply of goods and servicesIntrastate supply of goods and services
Collecting AuthorityCentral GovernmentCentral GovernmentState Governments
Revenue Distribution Between Central and State GovernmentCentral GovernmentState Governments
Input Tax Credit AdjustmentYou can use Input Tax Credit (ITC) either on IGST, CGST, or SGSTYou can use ITC either on IGST or CGSTYou can use ITC either on IGST or SGST

Now that you know the key points of IGST vs CGST vs SGST, it is crucial to know that GST applies only to businesses with a turnover of more than ₹10 lakhs. To fund your small business requirements and reach up to that turnover, you can get a Fibe Personal Loan of up to ₹5 lakhs at pocket-friendly rates starting at just 2% per month. 

You can also borrow multiple times upon complete repayment of your existing loan, that too without any hassles and simple documentation requirements. Download the Fibe Personal Loan App or register on the website to start the application process!  

FAQs on the Difference Between CGST, SGST and IGST

Why is GST split into CGST, SGST and IGST?

India is a Union of States with a federal setup with the centre and the states having distinct functions to perform. The Constitution of India provides both the centre and the states the authority to levy taxes to raise revenues for them. The split of GST into CGST, SGST and IGST allows the Indian Government to collect indirect taxes under the ‘One Nation, One Tax’ policy with the dual taxation system. 

Who will collect IGST in India?

The Central Government collects Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) and distributes it among the centres and states under the GST Act of 2017. 

How does IGST adjust with CGST and SGST?

To adjust IGST, CGST and STGST, you need to set off the IGST liability first. You can then set off CGST or SGST from the balance. You can set off either of these first, as there is no difference between CGST and SGST rates.  

How GST is related to CGST, SGST, IGST and slab rates?

The GST Act of 2017 divides rates into four slab rates, i.e., 0% (nil-rated), 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. CGST, SGST and IGST rates correspond to these rates only. For instance, if the GST rate applicable to the supply of a good or service is 12%, the CGST and SGST rates will be 6% each and the IGST rate will be 12%.

Term Loan: All you need to know

A term loan offers an excellent means of financing when a business experiences a shortage of funds. Businesses need capital to cover their day-to-day operations and capitalise on growth opportunities. These expenses include paying rent for the workspace, purchasing raw materials, paying suppliers and covering utility bills.

Read on to learn what is a term loan, its types and more.

What is a Term Loan?

For better clarity on the concept, here’s all you need to know about the term loan’s definition. A term loan is a financing option for businesses with specific borrowing terms. It helps organisations address their operational requirements and tap into potential growth opportunities. 

The repayment amount includes a part of the principal and the interest. The interest rate for the loan can be fixed or floating. Lenders assess the business’ creditworthiness by checking their credit score and financial standing before approval.

Also Read: Long Term Or Short Term Loans

Various Types of Term Loans

A term loan is categorised into the following types:

Short-term Loans

Short-term loans have a tenure of less than a year and are ideal for businesses requiring urgent funds to meet various needs. These loans are offered to companies not eligible for a line of credit. 

Intermediate-term Loans

Intermediate-term loans are ideal to address business requirements for a slightly more extended period, as these forms of credit have tenures varying between 2 and 5 years. Businesses can conveniently repay these loans in equated monthly instalments (EMIs) from their cash flow. 

Long-term Loans

Long-term loans are ideal for businesses planning to expand their operations or make investments. After all, these loans have higher repayment options that can go up to 30 years. If you plan to start a new venture, this type of credit is the best option.

That said, lenders may require you to pledge your valuable asset as collateral to manage the risk of default. Simply choose monthly or quarterly EMIs to repay the loan amount conveniently from your business’s cash flow or profits. 

Also Read: How Short Term Loans Work?

Features and Benefits of a Term Loan

Here are some attractive features and benefits associated with a term loan:

  • The rate of interest for the loan is based on the associated risk, the loan amount that the business requires and the loan tenure
  • Businesses need to provide collateral as security for long-term goals to cover the risk of default
  • Some financial institutions allow businesses to repay the borrowed amount before the scheduled repayment period
  • The business needs to repay the borrowed amount within the specified period regardless of the profitability or the financial situation of the business
  • Loan repayment within the scheduled term in instalments can increase the credit score and hence, the creditworthiness of the business

An alternate way of getting finance for your business is by opting for credit at Fibe. A Fibe Personal Loan offers a quick way to tackle your business’ planned and unplanned financial emergencies.

At Fibe, you can avail of a loan of up to ₹5 lakhs with easy-to-meet eligibility criteria and minimal paperwork. You can get this loan at affordable interest rates and convenient repayment options for added convenience. Download the Personal Loan App or log in to our website and apply today to get the funding quickly!

FAQs on Term Loan

What is the meaning of a term loan?

A term loan is a credit facility offered to businesses to meet operational requirements. Remember, you need to repay the loan within a fixed timeline.

What are the three 3 types of term loans?

You can categorise term loans into 3 types:

  • Short-term loans
  • Intermediate-term loans
  • Long-term loans

What is the difference between a demand loan and a term loan?

The main differences between demand and term loans are flexibility and affordability. While the former does not have a fixed repayment schedule, you need to repay your term loan as per the set timeline. Also, lenders may insist that you repay the loan anytime, even within a short notice period. That’s not so in the case of term loans.

Who is eligible for a term loan?

To apply for a term loan, you must be an Indian citizen. The business must be engaged in the particular sector for at least 3 years. Lenders also check the credit score and finances to ensure the company is financially strong.

What is an example of a term loan?

 A few term loan examples include personal loans, vehicle loans, home loans, loans against property and many others. You can choose an option that best suits your requirements. 
Here’s a term loan example to help you understand the concept better. Suppose you require immediate funds to purchase equipment for your business. In this case, you can get a short-term equipment financing loan with a tenure of 12 months. You can repay the borrowed amount within the stipulated timeline without hassles.

How to Link Aadhaar Card with Ration Card: Online, Offline & Via SMS 

Your Aadhaar card can be linked with your ration card either online by visiting your state PDS portal, offline by visiting your nearest ration shop/PDS centre or via SMS, wherever facility is provided. The process of linking ration card with Aadhaar card assists in verifying the real beneficiaries, removing duplicates of ration cards and ensures subsidised food grains are supplied to the right people. 

The ration card is issued by state governments to eligible citizens so that they could avail themselves of subsidised food grains under the Public Distribution System (PDS). On the other hand, Aadhaar is a 12-digit Unique Identity Number issued to Indian citizens. By linking the two, it becomes easier to authenticate the beneficiaries and prevent misuse of welfare schemes. 

Here, you will find how to link Aadhaar card with ration card online & offline, the documents you will require, how to check your status and things to consider before starting the process. 

Why Should You Link Aadhaar with Ration Card? 

Aadhaar card link with ration card is done basically to ensure transparent and accurate distribution of food subsidy. 

Here’s how it is helpful: 

  • Reduces duplicate cards 
  • Prevents one person/family from using multiple ration cards 
  • Supports genuine beneficiaries 
  • Guarantees subsidised food reaches eligible citizens 
  • Facilitates verification 
  • Identity authentication through Aadhaar becomes easy 
  • Enhances portability 
  • Makes the process of availing ration benefits across locations easy, wherever applicable 
  • Prevents leakages 
  • Helps in preventing and tracking misuse of ration cards 

Let us say that the family has shifted from one district to another. Aadhaar-ration card seeding makes it easier to verify their records in the new location. For instance, if there are 2 ration cards issued on the same details, then Aadhaar seeding will help detect the duplicate cards. 

You can treat Aadhaar-ration card linking as a process of adding a verification layer. Your ration card is not replaced by the Aadhaar number. 

Documents Required to Link Aadhaar with Ration Card 

Before you begin the process of linking Aadhaar and ration card, make sure you have all these documents ready: 

  • Original ration card for verification 
  • Photocopy of the ration card 
  • Aadhaar card copies of all family members listed on the ration card 
  • Aadhaar card copy of the head of the family 
  • Passport-size photograph of the head of the family 
  • Bank passbook copy if your bank account is not linked with Aadhaar 
  • Registered mobile number for OTP based verification, especially for linking online 

Make sure the details in your Aadhaar and ration card match. If there is any error like spelling mistake in your name, address discrepancy or wrong family member detail, get it updated prior to submission. 

How to Link Aadhaar Card with Ration Card Online? 

The facility of online aadhar card to ration card seeding differs from state to state since the management of ration card is done through the state PDS portals. But in general, here is the process: 

  • Visit the PDS/Food & Civil Supplies website of your state 
  • Go to the sections like ‘Aadhaar Seeding’, ‘Link Aadhaar’, ‘Ration Card Services’, or ‘Citizen Services’ 
  • Enter the ration card number 
  • Enter the Aadhaar number of the head of the family or all family members, as required 
  • Add your registered mobile number 
  • Verify the details shown on the screen 
  • Enter the OTP sent to your registered mobile number 
  • Submit the request and save the acknowledgement number 

For example, if you reside in Maharashtra, you may have to visit the food and civil supplies portal of Maharashtra. Similarly, if you stay in Karnataka, you may have to visit the Karnataka PDS portal for the facility. Though the labels and steps may vary, the details are generally the same. 

Important Note: There may not be any single common portal for every state’s Aadhaar-ration card linking process. Always use the official PDS website of your state government. 

How to Link Aadhaar Card with Ration Card Offline? 

In case you are not able to go through the online process or your mobile number is not registered with Aadhaar, you can complete the linking process offline. 

Below are the steps: 

  • Visit your nearest ration shop, Fair Price Shop, PDS center or local food supply office 
  • Carry your original ration card along with photocopies 
  • Carry Aadhaar card copies of all family members listed on the ration card 
  • Provide a passport-size photograph of the head of the family 
  • Provide a bank passbook copy if required 
  • Fill the Aadhaar-ration card linking form, if provided 
  • Submit your documents to the authorised official 
  • Undergo biometric verification like fingerprint authentication, if asked 
  • Get the acknowledgment slip or confirmation 

As soon as your documents are verified, you may get an SMS update on your registered mobile number. The processing time can differ from state to state based on verification load and accuracy of submitted documents. 

How to Link Aadhaar Card with Ration Card Via SMS? 

At times, the linking of Aadhaar with ration card may also be done through SMS. Here is the general format of SMS: 

UID SEED <Scheme/Program Short Code> <Scheme/Program ID> 

This SMS needs to be sent to 51969. 

Upon sending the message, you may receive the confirmation status SMS. However, this may not be a process followed by all states and ration card categories. Visit your state PDS portal or your local ration shop before using the SMS method. 

How to Check Your Aadhaar-Ration Card Link Status? 

Once you complete the linking request, you need to check if the Aadhaar-ration card seeding has been done successfully. 

Here’s how: 

  • Visit your state PDS portal or the National Food Security Portal 
  • Select ‘Ration Card Details’, ‘RC Details’, ‘Aadhaar Seeding Status’ or similar section 
  • Enter your ration card number or Aadhaar number, as required 
  • Complete the captcha verification 
  • Click on ‘Get RC Details’ or similar option 

See if Aadhaar is mentioned as linked or seeded 

If not, wait for a few days and check once again. If still not updated, then you have to visit your nearest ration shop or food supply office along with your acknowledgement slip. 

Benefits of Aadhaar-Ration Card Linking 

Linking of Aadhaar with ration card is beneficial both for citizens and government authorities. 

Here are the main benefits: 

  • Helps in making sure that eligible families do not miss out on their ration benefits and essential subsidies 
  • Facilitates the process of distribution of food grains and subsidies 
  • Verification of beneficiaries through Aadhaar helps prevent fraud 
  • Prevents issuing of duplicate or fake ration cards through incorrect information 
  • Transparency is increased in the Public Distribution System 
  • Some benefits may be available to beneficiaries through their linked welfare schemes and services 

For instance, if the family details in the ration card become outdated, Aadhaar-based verification may help in finding corrections in the records. 

Things To Keep in Mind Before Linking 

  • Always use official state PDS portals or authorized ration shops. 
  • Don’t share OTP or Aadhaar details with unknown agents 
  • Make sure your mobile number is registered with Aadhaar for online verification 
  • Check for spellings, ages and family member details 
  • Keep photocopies and acknowledgment receipt safely 

If your ration card is inactive, cancelled or expired, first sort out that matter. 

Aadhaar is primarily meant for identity verification. It is neither a replacement of your ration card nor guarantees eligibility for ration benefits. The eligibility criteria are decided by the government based on its rules and criteria for your state. 

Managing Urgent Expenses Beyond Ration Benefits 

Linking Aadhaar with your ration card enables you to access eligible government benefits easily. In case of urgent expenses like medical bills, home repair, education fees or travel costs, you need money immediately.  
 
You can use Fibe to apply for Personal Loan of up to ₹10 lakhs at interest rates affordable in your pocket. The loans are flexible with regard to end-use. Download the Fibe Personal Loan App or visit the website to apply online. 

FAQs on Aadhaar-Ration Card Linking 

1. Is it mandatory to link aadhaar with ration card? 

In most of the cases, Aadhaar linking is necessary to continue to get the ration related government benefits smoothly. It may differ from state to state and based on your category as a beneficiary. You can visit the state PDS portal or nearby ration shop to know about the requirement in your case. 

2. How do I check my aadhaar-ration card linking status? 

Visit the PDS portal or the National Food Security Portal of your state. Enter your ration card number or Aadhaar number, complete the captcha verification and click on ‘Get RC Details’ or similar button. 

3. What documents are required to link aadhaar with ration card? 

You will generally require your ration card, Aadhaar cards of all family members, Aadhaar of the head of the family, passport-size photograph of the head of the family and bank passbook copy if required. 

4. Can I link aadhaar to ration card without visiting the PDS office? 

Yes, if your state PDS portal provides you with online Aadhaar seeding facility, you can send your request online using your ration card number, Aadhaar number and OTP based verification. Otherwise, you may have to visit the PDS office or ration shop in case of failure of online linking or OTP verification. 

5. How long does it take to complete the aadhaar-ration card linking process? 

It may vary from state to state. In some cases, the request may be processed in a few days, while in others it may take time due to verification of documents or portal updates. Keep your acknowledgement number ready for further action. 

Salary Account vs Savings Account: Key Differences, Features & Which to Choose

A salary account is basically for people who are salaried professionals. It usually comes with 0 minimum balance, salary-linked benefits and easier banking privileges. A savings account, on the other hand, is better for anyone who wants to park money safely, earn interest and manage everyday transactions, even without a monthly salary credit. 

Simply put, the main difference between a salary account and a savings account lies in purpose, eligibility, minimum balance rules and benefits. While both accounts help you store and access money, they are designed for different financial needs. 

What is a Savings Account? 

A savings account is a deposit account offered by banks and financial institutions where you can keep your money securely, earn interest and access funds whenever required. It is one of the most commonly used bank accounts in India because it supports daily transactions such as deposits, withdrawals, UPI payments, debit card usage, bill payments and fund transfers. 

Savings accounts are open to salaried individuals, self-employed professionals, students, homemakers, senior citizens and even minors through a parent or guardian. 

Common types of savings accounts include: 

Type of Savings Account Best Suited For 
Regular Savings Account Individuals managing everyday banking needs 
Zero-Balance Savings Account Customers who do not want to maintain minimum balance 
Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account Customers looking for simple banking access with no minimum balance requirement 
Senior Citizen Savings Account Older individuals seeking banking benefits and priority services 
Women’s Savings Account Women customers looking for customised banking benefits 
Minor Savings Account Children below 18 years, operated with a guardian 
Digital Savings Account Customers who prefer online onboarding and app-based banking 
Premium Savings Account Customers maintaining higher balances for added benefits 

 
Interest rates on savings accounts vary across banks. Large banks usually offer lower rates, while some small finance banks may offer higher rates based on balance slabs. As of recent market trends, savings account interest rates in India can broadly range from around 2.5% to 7%+ per annum, depending on the bank, account type and balance maintained. 

What is a Salary Account? 

A salary account is a type of savings account opened by an employer for employees to receive monthly salary credits. Companies usually partner with banks to offer salary accounts to their workforce. The biggest advantage is that most salary accounts come with a 0 minimum balance requirement, which means you do not need to maintain a fixed monthly balance. 

A salary account may also offer benefits such as a debit card, free ATM transactions, preferential loan offers, accidental insurance cover, credit card offers, overdraft facility, lower processing fees and easier access to personal loans. 

Common types of salary accounts include: 

Type of Salary Account Best Suited For 
Regular Salary Account Employees receiving monthly salary credits 
Corporate Salary Account Employees of companies with bank tie-ups 
Defence Salary Account Defence personnel with specialised banking benefits 
Government Salary Account Government employees receiving salary through partner banks 
Premium Salary Account Senior employees or high-income professionals 
Reimbursement Account Employees receiving travel, meal or office reimbursements 
Family Salary Account Benefits Linked benefits for family members, depending on the bank 

 
A salary account continues to offer its benefits as long as salary is credited regularly. If salary credits stop for a few months, banks may convert it into a regular savings account. 

Key Differences Between Salary Account and Savings Account 

Parameter Salary Account Savings Account 
Main Purpose To receive monthly salary from an employer To save money and manage daily banking 
Eligibility Salaried employees whose employer has a bank tie-up Any eligible individual 
Minimum Balance Usually zero balance May require minimum balance, depending on bank and account type 
Interest Earns savings account interest Earns savings account interest 
Opening Process Usually initiated by employer Opened directly by the individual 
Benefits Salary-linked offers, zero balance, loan and card benefits General banking, interest earnings, flexible deposits 
Convertibility Can convert to savings account if salary stops Can convert to salary account if employer has a bank tie-up 
Best For Salaried professionals Everyone, including non-salaried individuals 

1. Purpose 

The primary purpose of a salary account is to receive salary from an employer every month. It is designed to make payroll processing easier for companies and banking more convenient for employees. 

A savings account is broader in purpose. It helps you store money safely, earn interest, make payments, receive funds, build emergency savings and manage regular financial transactions. For example, a freelancer, student or homemaker may not have a salary account but can still use a savings account for daily banking. 

2. Minimum Balance 

A salary account generally has no minimum balance requirement. This means you can withdraw your full salary without worrying about non-maintenance charges. 

A savings account may or may not have a minimum balance requirement. Regular savings accounts often require customers to maintain a monthly or quarterly average balance. However, zero-balance savings accounts and basic savings bank deposit accounts do not require minimum balance maintenance. 

Before choosing a savings account, check the bank’s balance rules, penalty charges and service charges. 

3. Interest 

Both salary accounts and savings accounts earn interest because a salary account is technically a type of savings account. The interest rate is usually decided by the bank and may vary based on the daily closing balance, balance slab and account category. 

For example, one bank may offer a fixed savings rate on all balances, while another may offer higher interest only if the balance crosses a certain threshold. Interest is generally calculated on the daily closing balance and credited monthly or quarterly, depending on the bank’s policy. 

So, when comparing salary account vs savings account, do not assume the salary account always gives better interest. The rate depends on the bank, not just the account label. 

4. Eligibility and Documents Required 

A savings account can be opened by most individuals by completing KYC requirements. Common documents include: 

  • PAN card or Form 60 
  • Aadhaar card, passport, voter ID or driving licence as identity/address proof 
  • Passport-size photograph 
  • Mobile number and email ID 
  • Initial deposit, if applicable 

A salary account is generally opened for salaried employees through an employer-bank tie-up. The employee may need to submit: 

  • PAN card 
  • Aadhaar or other valid identity/address proof 
  • Employee ID or offer letter 
  • Company details 
  • Passport-size photograph 
  • Completed account opening form 

If your employer does not have a tie-up with a specific bank, you may not be able to open a salary account with that bank on your own. 

5. Convertibility 

If salary is not credited to your salary account for a specific period, commonly around three months, the bank may convert it into a regular savings account. Once converted, standard savings account rules may apply, including minimum balance requirements and service charges. 

A savings account can also be converted into a salary account if your employer has a salary account arrangement with the same bank. You may need to submit employer details or salary account conversion documents. 

Similarities Between Salary and Savings Accounts 

Feature Salary Account Savings Account 
Debit Card Usually available Usually available 
UPI and Net Banking Available Available 
Mobile Banking Available Available 
Interest on Balance Available Available 
Fund Transfers NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, UPI available NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, UPI available 
Cheque Book May be available May be available 
Account Statement Available online/offline Available online/offline 
SMS/Email Alerts Available Available 
Service Charges May apply for selected services May apply for selected services 

Should You Have Both a Salary and Savings Account? 

Yes, having both can be useful if you want better money management. You can use your salary account to receive monthly income and manage salary-linked benefits, while using a separate savings account for emergency funds, investments, household expenses or personal goals. 

For example, you can keep your salary account for income inflow and fixed EMIs, while transferring a portion every month to a savings account for emergency savings. This separation makes it easier to track spending, avoid unnecessary withdrawals and build financial discipline. 

Which One Should You Choose? 

Choose a salary account if you are employed and your company offers one through a banking partner. It gives you zero-balance convenience and employee-specific benefits. 

Choose a savings account if you are self-employed, a student, homemaker, retired individual or someone who wants a flexible account for regular banking. Even salaried individuals can keep a savings account for better budgeting and goal-based savings. 

Comparing the differences and similarities of a salary account vs a savings account helps you choose the right account for your needs. That said, if you require immediate funds to bridge short-term monetary gaps, you can apply for a Personal Loan. 

With Fibe, you can get a personal loan of up to ₹10 lakhs at affordable interest rates, with minimum documentation and a fully digital process. You can download the Personal Loan App or register on the website to apply in just a few clicks. 

FAQs on Salary vs Savings Account 

1. Can I put my salary in a savings account? 

Yes, your employer can credit your salary to a savings account if the company allows it. However, if your employer has a salary account tie-up with a bank, they may prefer opening a dedicated salary account for payroll convenience. 

2. Who can open a salary account? 

A salary account can usually be opened by salaried employees whose employer has partnered with a bank. The employer initiates the process and the employee completes KYC by submitting identity, address and employment-related documents. 

3. Should we transfer money to a salary account? 

You can transfer money to a salary account, but it is best used for salary credits and regular expenses. If you receive income from other sources, maintain proper records for tax filing and financial tracking. 

4. What are the benefits of a salary account? 

The key benefits of a salary account include zero minimum balance, easy salary credit, debit card access, digital banking, preferential loan offers, credit card offers and other employee-specific banking privileges. 

5. What happens to my salary account if I change jobs? 

If your new employer uses the same bank, you may be able to continue using the account as a salary account. If salary credits stop for a few months, the bank may convert it into a regular savings account. 

6. Can I convert my savings account to a salary account? 

Yes, you may convert your savings account into a salary account if your employer has a tie-up with the bank. You may need to submit employer details and salary account conversion documents. 

7. What is the difference between a zero-balance savings account and a salary account? 

A zero-balance savings account is available to eligible individuals without a minimum balance requirement. A salary account is also usually zero-balance, but it is specifically meant for receiving salary through an employer-bank arrangement. 

Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): A Detailed Guide

DBT full form in bank is Direct Benefit Transfer, a government program designed to transfer subsidies directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts, ensuring convenience and transparency. With many welfare programs introduced by the Government of India, DBT ensures its benefits reach the underprivileged population on time without hassle. Often, the funds released from the government trusts take time to reach the targeted population. Furthermore, if the fund distribution process involves mediators, it may take longer and increase the chances of fraud. So, DBT emerged as a reform to increase accuracy.  

Read on to learn the meaning of DBT, how it works, its types, benefits and more.  

What is Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in Banking? 

Introduced on January 1, 2013, the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme enhances the transferability of the subsidies, funds and benefits directly to the people through their linked bank accounts. Using this initiative, the government aims to provide financial benefits to women, children and people involved in labour welfare.  

Initially, DBT was introduced in 43 districts, after which 78 districts were added to 27 different schemes.  

Currently, DBT has been active in 300 districts since the introduction of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).  

How Does the DBT Scheme Work?  

To improve transparency, the government starts by compiling the list of people eligible for funds with the help of the Central Plan Scheme Monitoring System (CPSMS). Afterwards, an Aadhaar card acts as a government ID through which the required details can be retrieved, making it easy to transfer funds to the intended beneficiaries.  

However, having an Aadhaar card is not mandatory, as the Government also uses the Jan Dhan Account and Mobile connections to implement DBT. With this scheme, 43 crore beneficiaries have received subsidies so far through 316 crore DBT.  

DBT, RBI and several banks, including private, public, cooperative and regional banks, process the payments directly into the beneficiary’s accounts. This way, account holders can get the funds and benefits without the involvement of any middleman.  

Also Read: Personal Loan Balance Transfer.  

Schemes Covered Under Direct Bank Transfer 

Here are different kinds of welfare and subsidy programs under the Direct Benefit Transfer scheme: 

1) Cash Transfer 

Under this option, the cash benefits that get transferred reach directly to individual beneficiaries using the following methods: 

  • Direct transfer to the recipient’s account 
  • From the State Treasury Account 
  • Government-appointed agencies 
  • From the Central/State Governments 

2) In-Kind Benefit 

With in-kind transfers, beneficiaries receive the benefits through an appointed third party. The beneficiary gets the product or service free of cost as the government or intermediary bears all internal costs. Kerosene, schoolbooks, vaccinations and fertilisers are some examples of in-kind subsidies 

3) Other Transfers 

This involves all the other types of benefits apart from cash and in-kind transfers to non-government entities that help in implementing government policies. These include community workers, NGO workers, ASHA workers, incentives, teachers and others.  

The DBT Scheme also allows fund or subsidy transfers to other non-governmental functionaries that enable the implementation of government policies. It includes community workers, aided schoolteachers, NGO workers and others. These members are not beneficiaries but are still offered training, wages, food and other benefits.  

Benefits of Direct Benefit Transfer 

Now that you know the meaning of DBT and its types, here are some top benefits: 

  • DBT prevents fraud by removing middlemen, which reduces the possibility of malpractice.  
  • The beneficiaries get funds directly in the account linked with their Aadhaar number.  
  • It promotes accountability in distribution, which reduces delays and inconsistency.  
  • It helps deserving applicants get the rightful help from government resources.  
  • Direct Benefit Transfer also helps reduce the misuse of public funds.  

In addition to the above benefits, the Direct Benefit Transfer scheme proved to be most beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the imposition of lockdown. Since its introduction, beneficiaries get direct benefits from the government treasury to their bank accounts securely.  

If you need additional funds or you aren’t a beneficiary of the scheme, you can opt for the Fibe Instant Personal Loan. With rates starting at 2% per month, you can easily manage your requirements by receiving funds of up to ₹5 lakhs.  

Simply meet the minimal eligibility requirements and apply online in just a few clicks. Download the Personal Loan App or register on the website to apply for a loan today!  

FAQs on Direct Benefit Transfer 

Is Aadhaar mandatory for DBT?  

No, the government can also retrieve the required details from Jan Dhan account or mobile number linked to the bank account.  

How do I enable DBT in my bank account?  

To receive DBT benefits, you must visit your nearest bank branch and fill up the required mandate to link your Aadhaar number. If you are eligible, you will become a beneficiary of the scheme and receive its benefits. 

Who gets the DBT payment? 

Eligible beneficiaries of government schemes receive DBT payments, including farmers, students, senior citizens and low-income households. These payments ensure direct transfer of subsidies and welfare benefits to their bank accounts. 

What Is the Digital Rupee? All You Need To Know About It

RBI launched Digital Rupee officially as a legal tender for the wholesale segment on December 1, 2022. Taking another step towards the ‘Digital India’ initiative, the new digital currency of India is exchangeable with paper currency. 

Also referred to as the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), this helps the country head towards a cashless economy. This was a welcome move as most people prefer digital payments with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). 

However, various attributes of the Digital Rupee make it different from UPI payments. For instance, this new form of payment functions using a secure and fast payment blockchain technology similar to cryptocurrency. 

Here’s all you need to know about the digital currency of India, its working process, how it differs from cryptocurrency, its benefits and more. 

What is the Digital Rupee?

The Reserve Bank of India launched the digital currency in a phased manner. In the pilot phase, four banks recognised and issued this currency. These banks include:

  • SBI
  • YES Bank
  • IDFC First Bank
  • ICICI Bank

In the next phase, the following banks started issuing the currency:

  • Bank of Baroda
  • Kotak Mahindra Bank
  • HDFC Bank
  • Union Bank of India

Simply put, Digital Rupee is the legal currency of India you get in an electronic format. Know that this has the same domination as your physical cash. So, you can opt for CBDC in several values of the legal tenders: ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100, ₹200 and so on. Furthermore, transferring digital currency from one digital wallet to another is only possible, which helps improves its security feature with a QR code. 

Apply for Personal Loan Online

How Does Digital Rupee Work? 

To use digital currency, the foremost thing you need to do is to download and register for a digital wallet. After registering, simply purchase the CBDC from the issuing banks and store it in your digital wallet. That’s all.

You can transfer funds to individuals or merchants via a QR code using the digital currency, just like you initiate UPI payments from your bank account. However, this is only possible if the recipient also has a digital wallet for CBDC. It doesn’t attract any interest and you can convert it into various forms, such as opening a deposit, transferring to your bank account and much more.

Digital Currency vs Cryptocurrency

The Reserve Bank of India regulates the digital currency of India and acknowledges it as a sovereign currency. However, it functions like a cryptocurrency, as both depend on blockchain technology and enables contactless transactions. That’s not all. There are specific differences, too. 

Firstly, CBDC, the digital currency of India is a centralised currency, while crypto is not. This means there is no regulating body or central authority for crypto while the RBI regulates CBDC. Secondly, CBDC is a legal tender which can replace physical currency. 

The value of cryptocurrencies also fluctuates as per the demand and supply factors. On the other hand, CBDC has fixed dominations, with the Government of India exercising complete control over its monetary value.

Advantages of Digital Rupee

Now that you know how the digital currency of India works, here are its benefits. 

  • It is faster and more secure for digital payments
  • The cost per transaction is less
  • You can easily convert your bank deposits into CBDC and vice versa 
  • It is protected against all types of damages, unlike physical currency
  • Offers better protection against fraud and theft as there’s no third-party involvement
  • It cuts the cost incurred in producing physical cash, helping the government channelise the allocated budget for other developmental plans 

Switching from physical currency towards digital currency will also help improve the economic climate of the country. That said, once the Central Bank Digital Currency gets embedded in India’s currency system, fund transfers will become safer, faster and more cost-efficient. If you are looking for a safer way to transact other than digital currency, you can get the Fibe Axis Bank Credit Card. 

This is a numberless credit card and therefore, offers better security for online transactions. You can also link it to a third-party UPI app and make seamless payments. What’s more, you get to earn cashback of up to 3% on every transaction and enjoy numerous exciting benefits, too. 

These perks include zero annual or renewal fees, complimentary lounge access and much more. Download our Personal Loan App or visit our website to apply for a credit card today! 

FAQs on Digital Rupee

What is digital rupee, and how does it work?

Digital rupee is an RBI-backed digital currency with the same denomination as a legal tender. Similar to cryptocurrency, you must purchase the currency and then you can initiate transfers like UPI transactions. 

How is UPI different from Digital Rupee?

The primary difference between UPI and Digital Rupee is centralisation, as the latter is regulated by the RBI. UPI comes under NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) and has links with all decentralised platforms that allow fund transfer. 

What is the benefit of Digital Rupee?

Digital currency reduces the chances of theft, loss or damage compared to a physical currency. It also minimises the cost of issuing money, which can help boost the economy. 

What is the Digital Rupee in India? 

The Digital Rupee or Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a legal tender issued by the RBI, which is exchangeable with paper currency.